Since presumably Risa doesn't offer a warping degree of freedom which is what really needs to be done, what approach does Risa utilize to account for warping? And is that approach to calculating warping SAP does not account for warping in analysis of beam elements. I wish SAP did account for more torsional design, but I guess they figure the non-closed section design procedures were too much work to add to their software for now, although I read that SAP will design for torsion for international steel codes. please correct me if I am wrong about Abaqus being the only software to do this. I believe Abaqus is the only commercial structural software which offers a beam element with warping degree of freedom. To my knowledge, the only reliable approach for analysis of warping using beam/line elements is to have a warping degree ofįreedom, 7 DOF instead of 6. Steel member reactions under torsion can be complex since torsion and warping usually occurs with shear and bending moments.
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